Cognitive Interventions Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Interventions Essay The only thing that tells everyone apart from everyone else is each person’s genetic make-up. And there is only one exception and that would identical twins, because no two people are the same. This can be said true about the way we all think. There is no one person that thinks the same as the next person. People believe that we are all born innocent and that we are pure in thoughts and in behavior. There are many different factors that can and sometimes do influence how a person is controlled by his/her cognitive ability to think before acting. There are people who do a better than others can. There are people who have certain psychological problems that seek out help from a therapist to get a handle on their problems. One of most popular therapy would be cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The base of this theory is that some of the behaviors are caused by a person’s inner thoughts or by mental inability to deal with problems or events in our lives. In this paper, I will summarize the article â€Å"Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child Physical Abuse,† that describe Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT) and the use of AF-CBT in adolescent anger management. Article Summary Childhood anger can be tiger by many different factors, thoughts or even events during a child early life. A young child is not able to express their feels in a correct way, so they have problems in dealing with their anger. This could also be that they were never taught by his/her parents how to handle their emotions. A good example would be a friend of mine that has a child with some deep rooted problems, When Sam get angry he will not able to express how he feels so he acts out towards anyone that is near him. At Christmas time I brought him a soccer ball that he wanted and when he opened it he just threw it to one side, so he was punishment, sent to his room, when he came out the looks in his eyes just plain scared me. I have seen that look in a person who just committed a murder. Cold and dark look is what this child has. Most children with this type of problems, it could be a result of abuse in the home by one or both parents, and the type of abuse could be physical or sexual. At the time of the abuse the child may feel that they could not fight off the person who is abusing him or they are so scared to tell anyone. When this time of situation has occurred the child is not able to handle so they will out and get into trouble. They may start getting into trouble at school, start handling out with the wrong crowds and getting into serious trouble with the law. The child may become involved with sex, alcohol and drugs, sometimes the child could turn out to be an abuser also. Children will do this to get away from their home life and the pain. If the abuse was discover at an early age, and then the child can be remove from the home and has a better chance to get therapy and could turn out to normal. This way the hate and anger can be redirected to a more positive avenue. It difficult for a child to understand why things happened to them and but to be able to speak to someone that can be able to help them understand that it was no their fault and help them heal their emotional wounds. Unfortunately, the affective of the abuse may follow the person throughout their life in many different forms. It can affect their children and even their partners. They may became have problems like becoming overweight so they will not be attractive to men. They also can be very sexually active. Being in therapy as a child they can be with other children that have been threw the same as the child and could help to release their anger, it could also help them from staying away from trouble and from hanging out with the wrong people. This would help the child to focus more on school and what is important to the child. The cognitive behavior theory is known to help child that are victims of abuse cases whether it is physical or sexual and the parents that are the abusers, that may help them to reestablish a relationship between parents and children. Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy  The main usage of the Abuse-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (AF-CBT) is working with children and their families that have suffered sexual or physical abuse; the environment is very hostile, the child may be subject coercion and are aggression when the family is present. AF-CBT is also used for children with behavioral problems such as Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. AF-CBT is right for children who are the ages of 5-15, who exhibit some level of behavioral or emotional dysfunction and for parents or caregivers who may resort to uncomfortable or unsafe levels of physical punishment. The goal of this therapy is to reduce the level of physical abuse risk factors of the caregiver or family and to reduce the consequences of these experiences for the children. The primary focus is behavior management, social skills, training, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving skills, and communications skills for the caregiver’s level of anger and promote nonaggressive discipline strategies, to enhance a child’s coping skills, and encourage problem-solving and communication. There are three stages of AF-CBT process, each of the steps consisting in multiple steps that involve the child and the parent(s) separately and jointly. This type of treatment would be taken place as outpatient or in a setting that ongoing contact with the caregiver and the child. The treatment should take place twice a week for approximately three to six months. Abuse-Focus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in an Adolescent Anger-Management, the important part is to be able know how to control anger. Everyone can control their anger and being angry is a normal part of life. Just like everyone else, adolescent are no exception. The only exception is that adolescent can take their anger to the extreme and their action may not be called normal when angered. There is one way to help the adolescent to control their anger is by cognitive therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy can occur in many different ways, the most common is the one-to-one talk with the adolescents. Once the problem is out in the open, the therapist may give the adolescent advice and to show how to control or redirected their anger. It is a success when one discovers the problem using the cognitive behavioral therapy. Now that the adolescent is able to control their anger it more benefit for those who are around the adolescent, it does benefit both parties. With aggressive or violent behavior the AF-CBT will target in three ways in which people can deal with the situations: 1) Cognition (thinking), 2) Affect (feeling), and 3) Behavior (doing). AF-CBT use many different techniques that are used by practitioners, such as behavior and anger management, problem solving, social skills training, and cognitive restructuring. All programs require proper training in different areas, especially with psychological skills so that enhancing interpersonal effectiveness and self-control is maintained. Conclusion The article explains to us how to deal with child and adolescent in dealing with their anger due to physical or sexual abuse to them and to be able overcome their anger and to deal with feelings as well as their families. The primary goal of AF-CBT is to reduce other behavioral problems in children and adolescent when they grow-up.

bird feeders :: essays research papers

It is our goal to bring you relevant and useful recommendations. Below you will find descriptive listings for Bird Feeders from our extensive database: 1. Bird Feeders at BestNest.com Find hummingbird feeders, squirrel proof feeders, tube feeders and more at BestNest.com. Over 400 feeders in stock. We ship orders before 3:00 ET same-day from our Cincinnati, OH warehouse. Sponsored by :http://www.bestn... 2. Birdfeeders for Every Style and Need Free shipping offer at Backyardbird.com. Gift wrapping available on select items. Browse through hundreds of unique and popular birdfeeders. Sponsored by :http://www.backy... 3. Birdfeeders at Gardeners.com Gardener's Supply Co. Offers earth-friendly products and information for your garden and lawn. Click now to find planters, tools, greenhouses, sheds, composting, birding, watering and more. Sponsored by :http://www.garde... 4. Buy Bird Feeders at Kellerysales.com Kellery's Gifts and Novelties offers a wide variety of gifts, novelties and toys for all occasions. Find home decor, garden ornaments, jewelry and much more. Ships within 48 hours. Sponsored by :http://www.kelle... 5. Bird Feeders - Great Gifts Great gifts. Wide selection of bird feeders, bird houses, birdbaths and binoculars at discount prices. Fast delivery, great service. Sponsored by :http://www.birdn... 6. Wild Bird Feeders: Shop-NC Has Them All It's guaranteed. You'll find better prices plus free shipping on bird feeders including window feeders, tubes, squirrel-proof and platforms in the nature catalog at Shop-NC.com. Sponsored by :http://www.shop-... 7. Huge Bird Feeder Selection, Great Prices Huge selection of bird feeders at great prices. Sponsored by :http://www.backy... 8. Bird feeders, bird houses,bird baths, fountains and garden decor... Bird feeders, bird houses, bird baths, fountains and garden supply at discount prices. http://www.abirdsworld.com/ 9. Bird Feeders and Outdoor Products Bird feeders for backyard birding! Ideal gifts for family or friends. We have a large selection of bird feeders and other products for your yard and garden. Sponsored by :http://www.birda... 10. The Bird Feeders Warehouse Shop RMwarehouse.com for high quality bird feeders from K Feeder, Perkypet, Droll Yankee, Opus, Havahart, and Hyde. Squirrel-proof feeders, hummingbird feeders, and much more. Sponsored by :http://www.rmwar... 11. Bird Feeder Bird Feeders at PetVetSupply. Large assortment of bird feeders from Perky Pet. All of your favorite bird-feeding products can be found at PetVetSupply. Good prices and award-winning service. Sponsored by :http://store.yah... 12. Audubon Ranch Feeder and Deck Mount - Smith and Hawken 'The roomy perch on this handcrafted, natural cedar feeder attracts birds of many sizes and species a boon for birdwatchers. The hinged copper roof protects seed from rain and opens for easy filling and cleaning. Clear acrylic panels. Mount or hang on Deck Mount or Multi-Position Hook (sold separately) at least 5 1/2' high.

Apologia Marine Essay

1. Definitions a. Metabolism- The process by whichc a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain itself, develop and grow. b. Photosynthesis-the process by which an organism uses the energy from the sun to produce its own food c. Autotrophs- organisms that are able to produce their own food d. Heterotrophs- organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms e. respiration — the process by which food is converted into usable energy for life functions f. homeostasis — the tendency of living organisms to control or regulate changes in their internal environment g. diffusion — the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration h. osmosis — the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane i. osmoconformer — and organisms that allows its internal concentration of salts to change in order to match the external concentration of salts in the surrounding water j. Osmo regulator — an organism that regulates its internal concentration of salts k. Poikilotherm- an organism whose body temperature changes with its surrounding environment l. ectotherm — an organism whose body temperature is controlled by its surrounding environment m. homeotherm- an animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling of mechanisms n. Endotherm- an animal whose internal body temperature is a result of internal sources of heat o. a sexual reproduction — reproduction accomplished by a single organism p. sexual reproduction — reproduction that involves the union of gametes from two organisms: a male and a female q. binomial nomenclature — identifying an organism by a genus and species name 2. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids 3. oxygen levels would be lower at night than during the day 4. no, they must feed on extra material made by photos synthesizing plants 5. no, both groups containing organisms like that 6. population 7. water will travel through osmosis to the outside 8. the body fluids would change. There would be more concentration of  dissolved substances in the body 9. no. They could have warm blood if their environment is warm 10. yes 11. no 12. the plant from the cutting 13. the cell with 24 chromosomes 14. the cell with 12 chromosomes 15. yes

Ahmad Shah Massoud Afghanistans Lion of Panjshir

In a mountain military base at Khvajeh Baha od Din, northern Afghanistan, around noon, September 9, 2001, Northern Alliance commander Ahmad Shah Massoud meets with two North African Arab reporters (possibly Tunisians), for an interview about his fight against the Taliban. Suddenly, the TV camera carried by the reporters explodes with terrific force, instantly killing the al-Qaeda-linked faux journalists and seriously injuring Massoud. His men rush the Lion of Panjshir to a jeep, hoping to get him to a helicopter for medevac to a hospital, but Massoud dies on the road after just 15 minutes. In that explosive moment, Afghanistan lost its fiercest force for a more moderate type of Islamic government, and the western world lost a valuable potential ally in the Afghanistan War to come. Afghanistan itself lost a great leader but gained a martyr and national hero. Massouds Childhood and Youth Ahmad Shah Massoud was born on September 2, 1953, to an ethnic Tajik family in Bazarak, in Afghanistans Panjshir region. His father, Dost Mohammad, was a police commander in Bazarak. When Ahmad Shah Massoud was in the third grade, his father became the chief of police in Herat, northwest Afghanistan. The boy was a talented student, both in elementary school and in his religious studies. He eventually took to a moderate type of Sunni Islam, with strong Sufi overtones. Ahmad Shah Massoud attended high school in Kabul after his father transferred to the police force there. A gifted linguist, the young man became fluent in Persian, French, Pashtu, Hindi, and Urdu and was conversant in English and Arabic. As an engineering student at Kabul University, Massoud joined the Organization of Muslim Youth (Sazman-i Jawanan-i Musulman), which opposed the communist regime of Afghanistan and growing Soviet influence in the country. When the Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan deposed and assassinated President Mohammad Daoud Khan and his family in 1978, Ahmad Shah Massoud went into exile in Pakistan, but soon returned to his birthplace in the Panjshir and raised an army. As the newly installed hard-line communist regime rampaged across Afghanistan, killing an estimated 100,000 of its citizens, Massoud and his poorly-equipped group of rebels fought against them for two months. By September of 1979, however, his soldiers were out of ammunition, and 25-year-old Massoud had been seriously injured in the leg. They were forced to surrender. Mujahideen Leader Against the USSR On December 27, 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. Ahmad Shah Massoud immediately devised a strategy for guerrilla warfare against the Soviets (since a frontal attack on the Afghan communists earlier in the year had failed). Massouds guerrillas blocked the Soviets vital supply route at Salang Pass, and held it all through the 1980s. Every year from 1980 to 1985, the Soviets would throw two massive offensives against Massouds position, each attack larger than the last. Yet Massouds 1,000-5,000 mujahideen held out against 30,000 Soviet troops armed with tanks, field artillery, and air support, repulsing each attack. This heroic resistance earned Ahmad Shah Massoud the nickname Lion of the Panshir (in Persian, Shir-e-Panshir, literally Lion of the Five Lions). Personal Life During this period, Ahmad Shah Massoud married his wife, called Sediqa. They went on to have one son and four daughters, born between 1989 and 1998. Sediqa Massoud published a loving 2005 memoir of her life with the commander, called Pour lamour de Massoud. Defeating the Soviets In August of 1986, Massoud began his drive to liberate northern Afghanistan from the Soviets. His forces captured the city of Farkhor, including a military airbase, in Soviet Tajikistan. Massouds troops also defeated the Afghan national armys 20th division at Nahrin in north-central Afghanistan in November of 1986. Ahmad Shah Massoud studied the military tactics of Che Guevara and Mao Zedong. His guerrillas became consummate practitioners of hit-and-run strikes against a superior force and captured significant amounts of Soviet artillery and tanks. On the 15th of February, 1989, the Soviet Union withdrew its last soldier from Afghanistan. This bloody and expensive war would contribute significantly to the collapse of the Soviet Union itself over the following two years—thanks in no small part to Ahmad Shah Massouds mujahideen faction. Outside observers expected the communist regime in Kabul to fall as soon as its Soviet sponsors withdrew, but in fact it held on for three more years. With the final fall of the Soviet Union in early 1992, however, the communists lost power. A new coalition of northern military commanders, the Northern Alliance, forced President Najibullah from power on April 17, 1992. Minister of Defense In the new Islamic State of Afghanistan, created upon the fall of the communists, Ahmad Shah Massoud became Minister of Defense. However, his rival Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, with Pakistani support, began to bombard Kabul just one month after the installation of the new government. When the Uzbekistan-backed Abdul Rashid Dostum formed an anti-government coalition with Hekmatyar at the beginning of 1994, Afghanistan descended into a full-scale civil war. Fighters under the different warlords rampaged across the country, looting, raping, and killing civilians. The atrocities were so widespread that a group of Islamic students in Kandahar formed to oppose the out-of-control guerrilla fighters, and to protect the honor and security of Afghan civilians. That group called themselves the Taliban, meaning Students. Northern Alliance Commander As Minister of Defense, Ahmad Shah Massoud tried to engage the Taliban in talks about democratic elections. Taliban leaders were not interested, however. With military and financial support from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, the Taliban seized Kabul and ousted the government on September 27, 1996. Massoud and his followers retreated to northeastern Afghanistan, where they formed the Northern Alliance against the Taliban. Although most former government leaders and Northern Alliance commanders had fled into exile by 1998, Ahmad Shah Massoud remained in Afghanistan. The Taliban tried to tempt him to give up his resistance by offering him the position of Prime Minister in their government, but he refused. Proposal for Peace Early in 2001, Ahmad Shah Massoud proposed again that the Taliban join him in supporting democratic elections. They refused once more. Nonetheless, their position within Afghanistan was growing weaker and weaker; such Taliban measures as requiring women to wear the burqa, banning music and kites, and summarily cutting off limbs or even publicly executing suspected criminals did little to endear them to ordinary people. Not only the other ethnic groups, but even their own Pashtun people were turning against Taliban rule. Nonetheless, the Taliban hung on to power. They received support not only from Pakistan, but also from elements in Saudi Arabia, and offered shelter to the Saudi extremist Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda followers. Massouds Assassination and the Aftermath Thus it was that the al-Qaeda operatives made their way to Ahmad Shah Massouds base, disguised as reporters, and killed him with their suicide bomb on September 9, 2001. The extremist coalition of al-Qaeda and the Taliban wanted to remove Massoud and undermine the Northern Alliance before making their strike against the United States on September 11. Since his death, Ahmad Shah Massoud has become a national hero in Afghanistan. A fierce fighter, yet a moderate and thoughtful man, he was the only leader who never fled the country through all its ups and downs. He was awarded the title Hero of the Afghan Nation by President Hamid Karzai immediately after his death, and many Afghans consider him to have almost saintly status. In the west, too, Massoud is held in high esteem. Although he is not as widely remembered as he should be, those in the know consider him to be the single person most responsible for bringing down the Soviet Union and ending the Cold War—more so than Ronald Reagan or Mikhail Gorbachev. Today, the Panjshir region that Ahmad Shah Massoud controlled is one of the most peaceful, tolerant, and stable areas in war-ravaged Afghanistan. Sources AFP, Afghan Hero Massouds Assassination a Prelude to 9/11Clark, Kate. Profile: The Lion of Panjshir, BBC News online.Grad, Marcela. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader, St. Louis: Webster University Press, 2009.Junger, Sebastian. Sebastian Junger on Afghanistans Slain Rebel Leader, National Geographic Adventure Magazine.Miller, Frederic P. et al. Ahmad Shah Massoud, Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM Publishing House, 2009.